Scleritis is inflammation of the sclera and deep episcleral vessels. It typically presents with a deep aching pain, not responding to simple analgesia and sometimes waking the patient from sleep. Scleritis is an uncommon cause of red eye, but vital to diagnose, as untreated it may be vision (or glob
Preventing childhood visual impairment is a priority of the World Health Organisation’s “Vision 2020 - The Right to Sight” due to the high emotional, social and economic cost for the individual and the wider community. Many causes of childhood visual impairment are preventable. Ocular screening prog
High myopia is commonly defined as a refractive error of at least -6 dioptres and/or an axial length of greater than 26.5mm. The term pathological myopia, interchangeably used with myopic maculopathy or degenerative myopia, describes high axial myopia and is associated with degenerative changes in t
Infestation of the eyelash follicles and meibomian glands with Demodex mites is emerging as a significant cause of blepharitis. This article reviews key aspects of Demodex biology and pathogenesis, as
Once touted as the most toxic poison known, Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has revolutionised the treatment of a broad array of periocular diseases. Its efficacy and low risk mean it is now one of the most frequently used medications in ophthalmic plastic surgery. First recognised as a saf
